100 shades of entrepreneurship

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In academic literature, the artrepreneur (a portmanteau of "artist" and "entrepreneur") refers to creatives who balance artistic and economic imperatives, often operating in the liminal space between cultural and commercial spheres. Key characteristics of artrepreneurship include:

Ambidexterity: The ability to straddle the realms of art/creativity and business/entrepreneurship, integrating aesthetic and market logics.
Co-creation orientation: Tendency to engage audiences, customers and stakeholders as active creative partners rather than passive recipients.
Autonomy paradox: Simultaneous desire for artistic sovereignty and self-directed work, but also openness to collaborative modes of creative production.
Relational/improvisational style: Emphasis on fluid, evolving collaborations and ability to adapt on the fly to shifting contexts and market signals.
Bricolage: Knack for combining and recombining diverse skills, knowledges, and resources to piece together projects and livelihoods.

Arts Entrepreneurship: An emerging field and movement focused on equipping artists with entrepreneurial skills and business acumen to help them build sustainable careers and launch creative enterprises. Arts entrepreneurship applies concepts from the startup and business world, like opportunity recognition, audience development, and business planning, to the arts and creative industries.
Traditional Arts Education: Historically, arts education has focused primarily on training students in the core techniques and traditions of an artistic discipline, whether in conservatory-style programs for musicians, studio art programs for visual artists, or craft-oriented courses in fields like dance, theater or creative writing. The emphasis is on developing artistic skills more so than business skills.

Beckman, G. D. and Essig, L. (2012). Arts entrepreneurship: a conversation. Artivate, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1353/artv.2012.0000

Definitions from the papers:

Kašperová (2021): "Disabled entrepreneurs – defined as self-employed or business owners with long-term impairments or health conditions"
Jammaers and Williams (2021): "In this paper we use the term entrepreneur to refer to both people who are self-employed, as well as business owners who employ others in their organization and/or run it together with co-owners."

Lejealle and Billion (2024): The paper does not provide an explicit definition of disabled entrepreneurs, but focuses on the case study of a single entrepreneur with a motor disability.
Iytha, Tiwary and Augustine (2024): This paper also does not give a specific definition of disabled entrepreneurs. It uses the term "Entrepreneurs with Disabilities (EwDs)" throughout the paper to refer to the group under study, and mentions that "Social EwD have a much higher responsibility than usual entrepreneurs, as they are not only accountable to their stakeholders but to society at large."

Nuances:

Kašperová (2021) specifically includes both self-employed individuals and business owners in the definition of disabled entrepreneurs.
Jammaers and Williams (2021) provide a broader definition that encompasses self-employed individuals, business owners who employ others, and those who run businesses with co-owners.

The key difference lies in the explicit inclusion of business owners who employ others or have co-owners in Jammaers and Williams' definition, while Kašperová's focuses on self-employed individuals and business owners without specifying employment of others or co-ownership.
Both definitions emphasize the presence of long-term impairments or health conditions as a defining characteristic of disabled entrepreneurs. They highlight the importance of considering the heterogeneity within this group, such as the visibility of impairment and its effects on entrepreneurial experiences and strategies.

entrepreneurs with various physical and cognitive impairments,

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